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Although the PCB Manufacturing and design of PCB Assembly can be generalised by schematic capture. The details of each step are involved in PCB fabrication and assembly. We'll take a look at each aspect of these steps. 

1. Schematic Creation Using Schematic Diagram Symbols to Identify Electronic Components

First, you must ensure that you have the library parts before starting the design with CAD tools. For schematics, you must create the symbols you are working with, resistors, capacitors, inductors, connectors, and integrated circuits. Once the parts are roughly placed, you can then draw in the lines of connectivity between the pins of the schematic symbols. These lines are called nets for memory or data circuits. During this process, you can move the nets to create circuitry. 

2. Using spice with Demo Circuits and Netlist to stimulate circuits

 The second step is that you need to ensure that the nets as drawn work accordingly to what you intend to. To stimulate this you need to verify in a tool known as SPICE. This helps them to test the circuit before building actual hardware. 

3. PCB Design, DRC and other CAD tool setup.

The design tool that PCB designers use has many capabilities.  Among those things is the ability to set up design rules and constraints that will keep you from touching nets that shouldn’t be connected and maintain the correct amount of distance to different objects.

4. Component Placement

You are ready to start the physical layout of Cad systems once the design and net connectivity information are imported from Schematic, The first step here is to place the component footprints within the board outline in the CAD system. Each footprint will have the net connections displayed as a “rubber-band” image to show you which parts they connect to. You need to keep in mind that they will be in an excessive area, such as heat, noise, cables, and wires, and make sure they can be easily assembled by PCB manufacturers.

4. Connecting to Circuitry together. 

When the components are placed properly, it is time to connect the nets together. This is done by converting rubber band net connections into drawn traces and planes. Then make sure that the nets are the correct length for the signals they are conducting, as well as make sure that they do not cross areas of excessive noise. This can result in cross-talk or other signal integrity problems that may degrade the performance of the board.

5. Ground and Power Planes

Usually, each active component on the board (ICs and other related components) will need to be connected to power and ground nets. This is easily accomplished by flooding areas or layers with solid planes that these components can tap into. But designing power and ground planes isn’t as simple as it seems. These planes also do the important job of returning the signals that are routed with traces. If the planes have too many holes, cut-outs, or splits in them, it can cause these return paths to create a lot of noise and degrade the performance of the PCB.

Afterwards, use the tools for PCB manufacturing cost estimation and PCB fabrication. Then, last but not least, there is the process of multilayer PCB fabrication and PCB soldering. 

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